稻瘟菌REMI突变体库的构建

以稻瘟病菌菌株P131和Y34为材料，利用REMI技术构建了含有8000个转化体的突变体库．对REMI转化的部分条件进行了优化，比较了不同限制性内切酶(XhoI、ApaI和EcoRV)之间REMI转化效率的差异．结果表明，稻瘟菌分生孢子在摇培32h和Drisdase消化菌丝2h或3h时较适宜REMI转化；XhoI和ApaI之间没有明显差异，而两者的转化率高于EcoRV．     

黔江稻区稻瘟病生理小种组成分析

1996～2000年从黔江稻区4个县（区）不同品种上采集稻瘟病标样，分离出203个单孢菌株，经7个全国稻瘟病品种鉴定，共检出6群39个小种，其中ZB群出现频率为66．50％，为优势种群；ZA13，ZB1、5、13、16m，出现频率分别为7．88％，5．91％，4．43％，20．69％，7．88％，4．43％，为重要小种．从黔江稻区38个品种中监测出ZB群占整个品种86．84％．     

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达分析

为研究稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达模式,利用半定量RT-PCR对抗病亲本Kasalath和感病亲本丽江新团黑谷(LTH)进行了接种前和接种后24 h和48 h的表达分析.结果表明:Pi36无论在接种前还是接种后以及无论在抗病亲本Kasalath还是感病亲本LTH中均有表达,并且各个时间段的表达量没有大的差别.由此说明,Pi36属于组成型而不是诱导型表达的基因.     

Genetic and physical mapping of AvrPi7, a novel avirulence gene of Magnaporthe oryzae using physical position-ready markers

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. The avirulence gene corresponding to rice blast resistance gene Pi7 in field isolate CHL346 was inherited as a single gene, designated AvrPi7, in a segregating population consisting of 189 ascospore progenies derived from a cross between field isolates CHL346 and CHL42. In order to determine the chromosomal location of the AvrPi7 locus, a total of 121 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of reference isolate 70-15 of M. oryzae. Linkage analysis of the locus with these SSR markers showed that eight SSR markers on chromosome 1 were linked to the locus, among which the closest flanking markers MS1-9 and MS1-15 were 3.2 and 16.4 cM from the locus, respectively. For fine mapping, additional PCR-based makers including eight SSR markers and three candidate avirulence gene (CAG) markers were developed in the region flanking both markers. The AvrPi7 locus was genetically delimited within a 1.6-cM region flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22, and co-segregated with the marker CAG2. To construct a physical map of the AvrPi7 locus, molecular markers linked to the Avr gene were mapped on the supercontigs of the ref-erence isolate 70-15 through bioinformation analysis (BIA). Consequently, the AvrPi7 locus was delim-ited to a 75-kb interval flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22 based on the reference sequence. Merodiploids observed in this study are also discussed.     

稻瘟病生防菌有效作用成分的分析

对稻瘟病桔抗细菌—短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Pumilus)的发酵液在260nm和280nm下进行吸光度测定，结果表明，发酵液中蛋白质含量明显高于对照中蛋白质含量；发酵液和对照液中分别加入1．71mol/L硫酸铵，经3000r／min离心30min后得沉淀，再经SDS—聚丙烯酰胺段胶垂直电泳分析，初步测定发酵液中新产生3种多肤物质；发酵液经胰蛋白酶和100℃高温处理后，对稻瘟病菌分生孢子的萌发率明显减弱，上述结果表明，稻瘟病桔抗细菌有效作用成分为多肽类物质。     

稻瘟菌致病性变异突变体的筛选及共分离分析

通过筛选稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)P131小种的REMI(Restriction Enzyme MediatedIntegration)转化体库获得对水稻品种梅雨明致病性变异的突变体,命名为PX1.与野生型菌株P131相比,该突变体对水稻品种梅雨明致病性丧失,在洋葱表皮上侵染钉形成率显著降低,而孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率差异不显著.遗传分析表明,该突变体的突变表型和潮霉素抗性标记共分离,说明突变是由于外源质粒插入引起的,因此,可以此为标记克隆控制该表型的基因.     

稻瘟病菌中己糖载体蛋白的生物信息学分析

己糖载体蛋白是一种重要的糖载体蛋白,主要用于己糖的摄取和运输。本文通过生物信息学的方法,研究发现稻瘟病菌有67个可能的己糖载体蛋白。其中,MGG 06203、MGG 03620、MGG 15700、MGG 00040、MGG 13651、MGG 05946的氨基酸序列分别与Neurosporacrassa、Aspergillusnidulans和Colletrotrichumgramini-cola中已鉴定出的己糖载体蛋白高度同源。此外,稻瘟病菌不同的己糖载体蛋白基因在附着胞形成的各个阶段表达量存在很大的差异,尤其是其中有25个基因在稻瘟病菌侵染水稻48 h后有明显上调表达,表明它们可能参与了稻瘟病菌的致病过程。     

Fluorescent co-localization of PTS1 and PTS2 and its application in analysis of the gene function and the peroxisomal dynamic in Magnaporthe oryzae

The peroxisomal matrix proteins involved in many important biological metabolism pathways in eukaryotic cells are encoded by nucleal genes, synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported into the organelles. Targeting and import of these proteins depend on their two peroxisomal targeting signals （PTS 1 and PTS2） in sequence as we have known so far. The vectors of the fluorescent fusions with PTS, i.e., green fluorescence protein （GFP）-PTS1, GFP-PTS2 and red fluorescence protein （RFP）-PTS1, were constructed and introduced into Magnaporthe oryzae Guy ll cells. Transformants containing these fusions emitted fluorescence in a punctate pattern, and the locations of the red and green fluorescence overlapped exactly in RFP-PTS 1 and GFP-PTS2 co-transformed strains. These data indicated that both PTS1 and PTS2 fusions were imported into peroxisomes. A probable higher efficiency of PTS1 machinery was revealed by comparing the fluorescence backgrotmds in GFP-PTS1 and GFP-PTS2 transformants. By introducing both RFP-PTS1 and GFP-PTS2 into Amgpex6 mutants, the involvement of MGPEX6 gene in both PTS1 and PTS2 pathways was proved. In addition, using these transformants, the inducement ofperoxisomes and the dynamic of peroxisomal number during the pre-penetration processes were investigated as well. In summary, by the localization and co-localization of PTS1 and PTS2, we provided a useful tool to evaluate the biological roles of the peroxisomes and the related genes.     

线虫共生菌对水稻纹枯病和稻瘟病的抑菌活性

用菌块移植法初步测定了38株昆虫病原线虫共生细菌对水稻纹枯病菌和稻瘟病菌的抑菌活性,从中选出9株对纹枯病菌,7株对稻瘟病菌有较强抑菌作用的菌株,再用稀释平板法分别测定了这2组菌株的发酵液对纹枯病菌和稻瘟病菌菌丝生长、菌核或分生孢子萌发的抑制活性,筛选出对纹枯病菌和稻瘟病菌都有较强抑菌活性的YNa111和YNd173等菌株.YNa111菌株的发酵液对纹枯病菌的生长有强烈的抑菌活性,稀释40倍的发酵液24 h的抑菌率为100%,160倍时为82%.菌株YNd173的发酵液对稻瘟病菌的生长有较强的抑菌活性,稀释5倍和10倍时的抑制率分别为88%和76%.